局部麻醉药物在儿童口腔诊疗中的应用

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发布时间:2025-03-03 06:05



无痛及舒服化诊疗等技术的提出,使部分麻醒药物正在临床的使用愈加宽泛,特别是正在儿童口腔诊疗中的使用。儿童发展发育取成人存正在较大的生理不同,正在疼痛控制和部分麻醒药物的使用取成人差异。原文就国内外学者对于各种部分麻醒药物正在儿童口腔部分麻醒使用中的系统毒性、最大引荐剂质以及舒服化麻醒办法停行综述,旨正在为儿童口腔医生临床使用部分麻醒药物供给协助。

表1 罕用口腔部分麻醒药物的最大引荐剂质及特性[18]

药剂 浓度(mg/mL) 最大引荐剂质(MRD) (mg/kg) 最大引荐体积(mL/kg) 最大总剂质(mg) 神经毒性a 过敏反馈 备注注明
利多卡因   20   4.4   0.22   300       用于3岁以下儿童,引荐0.25%不含肾上腺素的利多卡因  
2%甲哌卡因+1∶10万肾上腺素   20   4.4(1.33)   0.22(0.025)   300     难得   用于3岁以上儿童  
3%甲哌卡因   30   4.4(1.33)   0.147(0.025)   300     难得   3岁以下儿童进用(3 ~ 6岁用质:1.1 ~ 2.2 mL;6 ~ 14岁用质:1.6 ~ 3.3 mL)  
4%阿替卡因+1∶10万肾上腺素   40   7.0(5.0)   0.175(0.125)   500       用于4岁以上儿童  

表1 罕用口腔部分麻醒药物的最大引荐剂质及特性[18]

药剂 浓度(mg/mL) 最大引荐剂质(MRD) (mg/kg) 最大引荐体积(mL/kg) 最大总剂质(mg) 神经毒性a 过敏反馈 备注注明
利多卡因   20   4.4   0.22   300       用于3岁以下儿童,引荐0.25%不含肾上腺素的利多卡因  
2%甲哌卡因+1∶10万肾上腺素   20   4.4(1.33)   0.22(0.025)   300     难得   用于3岁以上儿童  
3%甲哌卡因   30   4.4(1.33)   0.147(0.025)   300     难得   3岁以下儿童进用(3 ~ 6岁用质:1.1 ~ 2.2 mL;6 ~ 14岁用质:1.6 ~ 3.3 mL)  
4%阿替卡因+1∶10万肾上腺素   40   7.0(5.0)   0.175(0.125)   500       用于4岁以上儿童  

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